̹ ֿ  ϷḦ Ͽ ϴ   . 
	 Ϸ have + p.p ε p.p źл · 
	 Ģ Ǵ 翡 V-ed  Ģ    ϱ⸦ ؾ Ѵ. 
	  翡 -ed ̸ Ǵµ  ұĢϰ ϴ   ϱ⸦ ؾ Ѵ. 
	 忡 Ư      ִ. 
	  When did you buy that leather jacket? ̶  when̶ Ư  Ա   縦 Ͽ, 
	Have you ever wasted a lot of money on something?  Ư   ʾұ  ϷḦ  ̴. 
	 
	  Ϸ 忡 yet ̳ already  λ縦   already źл տ, yet     ϸ ȴ.
	already   I have already seen this movie twice. Can't we watch another one?  
	źл seen տ Ǿ yet   My brother hasn't found a job yet.  
	    Ǿ. 
	
	 忡    糪 be , Ϲݵ տ already   Ģ 
	Ϸ ¿ 簡 Ϲ̰  ʰ źл · ٲ  
	źл պκп already  ־ Ѵ. 
	 κ  Ϲݵ翡 źл ٲ  ̱       ִ. 
	 
	  Ϸ κп ever   ص ǰ  ʾƵ Ǵ κ 
	  Have you ever been to Morocco?   
	Have you been to Morocco? ᵵ ϴٴ ̴. 
	 ever ϰ ȴٸ       ִ.