ֿ̹ v + ing ؼ .
̷ ִ 8 ִµ.
1. after prepositions.
2. after certain verbs +object.
3. as part of a continuous verb form.
4. after certain verbs.
5. after despite of in spite of.
6. as the subject (or part of the subject) of a verb.
7. in reduced relative clauses.
8. as an adfective.
̷ ֽϴ.
+ + v -ing Ǵ hear, see, watch, feel, imagine, stop, love, like, don't mind, dislike, hate ־.
in spite of ؾ ϴ ִµ,
In spite of raining, I still went shopping.
̰ ߸ Դϴ. ־ ؾ ϴ ̱ ,
̷쿡 ׳
In spite of the rain, I still went shopping. ̶ ´ ǥ ̿.
In spite of spending three months in melboourne, my English is not good.
ƴ
In spite of spending three months in Melbouren, I don't English well.
̰ ´ ǥԴϴ. ־ ϴ ൿ 簡 Ǿ տ ; ϴ .
gerund ־
Smoking is bad.
Not smoking is good.
̷ ʿ not ̸鼭 negative ֽϴ.